War Surgery 1914-18

Description

The Great War, 1914-1918 resulted in enormous numbers of casualties who had sustained filthy contaminated wounds from high explosive shellfire, bomb and mortar blast, and from rifle and machine gun bullet. Such wounds were frequently multiple, severe, and almost invariably became infected. Surgical experience from previous conflicts was of little value, and it became quickly apparent that early surgical intervention with radical removal of all dead and devitalised tissue was absolutely vital to help reduce the chances of infections, especially the lethal gas gangrene, from developing. War Surgery 1914-1918 explains how medical services responded to deal with the casualties. It discusses the evacuation pathway, and explains how facilities, particularly casualty clearing stations, evolved to cope with major, multiple wounds to help reduce their mortality. There are chapters dealing with the advances made in anaesthesia, resuscitation and blood transfusion, the pathology and microbiology of wounding, and diagnostic radiology. There are also chapters dealing with the development of orthopaedic surgery, both on the Western Front and in the United Kingdom, the treatment of abdominal wounds, chest wounds, wounds of the skull and brain, and the development of plastic and reconstructive surgery for those with terribly mutilating facial wounds. Major advances took place in the surgical management of casualties with all types of wound. Initially, abdominal wounds were treated by"expectant treatment". Observations by brilliant clinicians working in a logical and methodical way resulted in early surgical intervention with significant improvements in survival. Management of chest wounds became more aggressive as confidence and experience grew. Major exposure of combined chest and abdominal wounds through an incision opening both the chest and the abdomen became standard practice and these experiences laid the foundations for how these wounds are managed today. There is no doubt, however, that the evolution of orthopaedic surgery was one of the most important developments during the Great War. The vision and action of Moynihan`s surgical colleague, Sir Robert Jones, in establishing the principles of segregation of patients with orthopaedic wounds, unity of control and continuity of treatment became one of the outstanding chapters of British surgery in the twentieth century. This book is firmly aimed at all those with a passion for the history of this period. While it will be of interest to those in healthcare professions the editors have ensured that the essays are accessible and of interest to a non-medical readership. War Surgery 1914-18 contributes greatly to our understanding of the surgery of warfare. Surgeons working in Casualty Clearing Stations during the years 1914-1918 laid the foundations for modern war surgery as practiced today in Afghanistan and elsewhere.

Steve heys was born in Accrington and was educated in England, Australia and Scotland. He graduated in Medicine from the University of Aberdeen in 1981 and undertook his surgical training in the North East of Scotland. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Glasgow and England and underwent research training in the Rowett Research Institute in Aberdeen, obtaining a PhD in 1992. He specialised in general and breast cancer surgery for many years before latterly concentrating on breast cancer together with his research interests in the role of nutrition in the causation of cancer. Steve has published more than 200 scientific papers, has written many book chapters on different aspects of surgery and has played many national and international roles in surgery and the provision of surgical services. Steve joins forces with Tom as co-author of this work which explores the development of surgery during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. As Professor of Cancer Surgery at the University of Aberdeen, as well as a former member of the RAMC (V) in the 51st Highland Brigade for 6 years, Steve too is conscious of the major contribution made by Sir James McGrigor both to Army Medical Services and to the University of Aberdeen where McGrigor co-founded the Aberdeen Medical Society and which he supported throughout his long and illustrious career. Tom Scotland - Born in St. Andrews and brought up in the East Neuk of Fife, Tom was educated at Waid Academy in Anstruther. He graduated in Medicine from the University of Edinburgh 1971, becoming a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1975. He developed his interest in the Great War whilst a student, when there were still many veterans alive. He trained in orthopaedic surgery in Aberdeen, and after spending a year as a fellow in the University of Toronto, returned to take up the position of Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon with Grampian Health Board and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the University of Aberdeen. His particular interests were knee surgery, paediatric orthopaedics and tumour surgery, and for three years was lead clinician for the Scottish Sarcoma Managed Clinical network. Over the years he has been a frequent visitor to the Western Front, and has found cycling the best way to visit different places. He has explored many areas of the Western Front with family and friends and since retiring from the National Health Service in 2007 has kept in touch with former colleagues by leading cycling expeditions to the Western Front. He has pursued his interest in the Great War by making a particular study of Aberdeen surgeon, Sir Henry Gray, who played a pivotal role in the development of surgery on the Western Front, and has given various lectures on the development of surgical services during the Great War. In retirement he has completely re-invented himself as a cycling orthopaedic historian.

"I found the book interesting and educational, and easy to read. I would recommend this book not only to anyone interested in the history of military medicine and this period, but also to anyone interested in understanding how we got to where we are now. We believe we have made great advances in the current conflict in Afghanistan, but having read this book, it appears as if we have, to a great extent, merely rediscovered or developed ideas of the past. This book illustrates how many of these ideas originally arose from the treatment of the wounded from the trenches of the Great War." * Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps * " ... an important contribution to both the history of the Great War and the history of medicine ...a superb reference text, the value of which cannot be over stated ... * Laurier Centre for Military Strategic and Disarmament Studies *