No Wealth but Life: Welfare Economics and the Welfare State in Britain, 1880-1945

Description

This book re-examines early twentieth-century British welfare economics in the context of the emergence of the welfare state. There are fresh views of the well-known Cambridge School of Sidgwick, Marshall, Pigou, and Keynes, by Peter Groenewegen, Steven G. Medema, and Martin Daunton. This is placed against a less well-known Oxford approach to welfare: Yuichi Shionoya explores its foundations in the idealist philosophy of T. H. Green; Roger E. Backhouse considers the work of its leading exponent, J. A. Hobson; and Tamotsu Nishizawa discusses the spread of this approach in Britain. Finally, the book covers welfare economics in the policy arena: Maria Cristina Marcuzzo and Atsushi Komine discuss Keynes and Beveridge, and Richard Toye points to the possible influence of H. G. Wells on Churchill and Lloyd George. A substantial introduction frames the discussion, and a postscript relates these ideas to the work of Robbins and subsequent developments in welfare economics.

Roger E. Backhouse was a lecturer at University College London and at the University of Keele, before moving to the University of Birmingham in 1980, where he has been Professor of the History and Philosophy of Economics since 1996. In 2009 he took a part-time position at Erasmus University, Rotterdam. After writing two textbooks on macroeconomics, he moved into the history of economics and methodology, on which he has published many articles in the leading journals, including History of Political Economy, the Journal of the History of Economic Thought, and the European Journal of the History of Economic Thought. His books include A History of Modern Economic Analysis (1985), Economists and the Economy (1994), Truth and Progress in Economic Knowledge (1997), and The Penguin History of Economics (2002) (published in North America as The Ordinary Business of Life, 2002). Books he has edited include The Cambridge Companion to Keynes (with Bradley W. Bateman). He has been review editor of the Economic Journal, editor of the Journal of Economic Methodology, and associate editor of the Journal of the History of Economic Thought. Tamotsu Nishizawa was a lecturer and then an associate professor at Osaka City University before moving to Hitotsubashi University in 1990, where he has been a professor since 1993 and Director of the Institute of Economic Research since 2007. He was a visiting Fellow at Clare Hall, Cambridge, from 2000 to 2001. His research field has been the history of economic thought. Professor Nishizawa's main publications include Economic Heretics: Economic Policy Ideas of the 19th Century Birmingham School (1994, in Japanese) and Economic Thought of Alfred Marshall and the Historical School (2007, in Japanese). He has edited several books, including Marshall and Schumpeter on Evolution: Economic Sociology of Capitalist Development (with Y. Shionoya, 2009). He was also the editor of the Journal of the Society of the History of Economic Thought in Japan.

'This remarkable collection of essays makes all previous histories of welfare economics obsolete. With the publication of this volume, we are able to see for the first time that to understand the strengths and weaknesses of traditional welfare economics requires a knowledge of the full historical context out of which it arose. Backhouse and Nishizawa have edited a landmark study.' Brad Bateman, Denison University, Ohio 'This book offers a new perspective on the development of welfare economics in the first half of the twentieth century. Backhouse and Nishizawa's team, comprising leading specialists from six countries, has produced a marvellous combination of perceptive analysis and wide thinking. No Wealth but Life is a milestone in the intellectual history of the economic strategies of the New Liberalism.' Eugenio F. Biagini, Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge 'Everybody is familiar with the old-new welfare economics divide and Arrow's impossibility theorem as the landmark issues through which the discipline took its present shape. Backhouse and Nishizawa convincingly argue that, from the point of view of the intellectual origins of the modern welfare state, there is another and equally important issue that has not received equal attention: the divide between the economists who saw welfare economics as a branch of utility analysis and those who built on the foundations of the Oxford idealism of T. H. Green and of Ruskin's moral critique of capitalism with a view to immediate political action. The essays collected in the volume highlight moments and characters of this intellectual divide, which was originally a Cambridge-Oxford affair but subsequently led to wider echoes in Britain and in other countries. They make fascinating reading, especially in this age of rethinking the purposes and viability of political welfare systems and attempts at reconstructing welfare economics on non-utilitarian premises.' Marco Dardi, University of Florence, Italy 'No Wealth but Life is an instructive contribution to the history of British welfare economics, questioning and refining the standard views on the subject. The book considerably enriches the common narrative - all too often confined to the Cambridge School - both by drawing attention to a relatively neglected but influential Oxford (and LSE) approach to welfare and by exploring the influence of welfare economics on public policy in Great Britain. The carefully selected papers - nicely put into context by the editors' highly informative introduction and postscript - illuminate various aspects of this intricate story. I have little doubt that the volume will become a must-read for all scholars of the history of welfare economics.' Guido Erreygers, University of Antwerp, Belgium 'No Wealth but Life rescues welfare economics from the sterility of pure theory and returns the story to the men and women who imagined that economics might help mitigate urban poverty. Political reform and the rise of the welfare state are integral to the analysis. The Fabians, John and Barbara Hammond, Leonard Hobhouse, and Graham Wallas play roles every bit as important as those of Sidgwick, Marshall, and Pigou. This is a rich history designed to remind us that economics was shaped by people who hoped to make the world a better place.' Evelyn L. Forget, University of Manitoba, Canada, and co-editor, Journal of the History of Economic Thought 'The papers in No Wealth but Life provide a wide-ranging historical and philosophical discussion of welfare economics during the period when the British welfare state was being established. The book is a very important contribution to the literature on this underexamined topic in the history of economics and public policy.' D. Wade Hands, University of Puget Sound