Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies

Description

Political patronage is defined as political actors appointing individuals at their discretion to key positions in the public sector. The book examines this practice in the bureaucracies of 11 Asian countries through the use of a typological framework of patronage types. The framework is based on two key criteria: basis of trust and the major role of political appointees. Several countries with well-developed civil service systems showed minimal levels of patronage (Japan, Singapore and South Korea). Two countries with a weak civil service showed very high levels of patronage appointments (Bangladesh and India). Sandwiched between those extremes are countries with formal civil service systems that are heavily influenced by political parties and by social ties to society (Vietnam, Kazakhstan, and China). The book concludes that not all patronage is the same and what is important is the tasks being performed by appointees and the nature of the trust relationship.

B. Guy Peters is Maurice Falk Professor of Government at the University of Pittsburgh, and Editor of the International Review of Public Policy. He was the founding president of the International Public Policy Association. His most recent books include Administrative Traditions: Understanding the Roots of Contemporary Administrative Behavior (2021) and Democratic Backsliding and Public Policy (Cambridge, 2021). Colin Knox is a professor at the Graduate School of Public Policy, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan and Emeritus Professor at Ulster University (UK). His most recent books are: The Economics of Schooling in a Divided Society: The Case for Shared Education (2015) (with Vani Borooah); and Public Policy, Philanthropy and Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland (2016) (with Padraic Quirk). Byong Seob Kim is an emeritus professor at the Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University. He was the president of the Korean Association for Public Administration. His most recent books is A Discussion on Leadership ( ; : ) (2018).

'Building on work in Latin America, the authors explain styles of patronage in Asia considering social homogeneity, party systems, political culture, regime type, and the strength of the civil service. The book is essential reading for all comparativists, and those seeking to understand the behavior of key Asian polities.' John P. Burns, Emeritus Professor, Department of Politics and Public Administration, The University of Hong Kong 'This volume is a major contribution to the study of the politic of patronage in Asia. It distinguishes patronage from politicisation and clientelism. It analyses why governments in the region resource to patronage in different political contexts. It outlines different types of patronage roles and account for its varieties. The case studies are rigorously presented and relate modalities of patronage to the region's political systems. While the focus is on Asia the typology of patronage roles outlined in the book is a useful analytical tool for the study of patronage across countries and regions. A must for both scholars of politics and of public administration.' Francisco Panizza, Professor in Latin American and Comparative Politics, The London School of Economics and Political Science 'This book presents rich and thick descriptions of patronage patterns in eleven Asian countries based upon a 2x3 typology created by B. Guy Peters, and attempts to explain the types of patronage from comparative perspectives with Latin American and Western countries. The volume fills a gap in the literature on political patronage and public bureaucracy in Asia and will be an useful aid for students and scholars interested in comparative public administration.' Keun Namkoong, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Former President of Seoul Tech and of Korean Association for Public Administration 'This collective volume is a formidable effort to systematically map and document patronage appointments in public bureaucracies of Asian countries. Drawing on a carefully defined analytical framework previously developed for the study of Latin American bureaucracies, the authors draw on a wide range of primary and secondary data to explore the motivations why political patrons make appointments, what roles patronage appointees play, and the reasons for these forms of patronage to emerge. Comparative lessons are drawn from exploring patronage patterns in a range of multi-party democracies, but also in one-party dominant and autocratic political systems.' Petr Kopecky, Professor of Comparative Studies Political Parties and Party Systems, Leiden University