Essentials of Materials Science & Engineering, SI Edition

Description

This text provides students with a solid understanding of the relationship between the structure, processing, and properties of materials. Authors Askeland and Wright present the fundamental concepts of atomic structure and the behavior of materials and clearly link them to the 'materials' issues that students will have to deal with when they enter the industry or graduate school (e.g. design of structures, selection of materials, or materials failures). Fundamental concepts are linked to practical applications, emphasizing the necessary basics without overwhelming the students with too much of the underlying chemistry or physics.

Donald R. Askeland joined the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1970 after obtaining his doctorate in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Michigan. His primary interest has been in teaching, resulting in a variety of campus, university, and industry awards and the preparation of a materials engineering textbook. Dr. Askeland has also been active in research involving metals casting and metals joining, particularly in the production, treatment, and joining of cast irons, gating and fluidity of aluminum alloys, and optimization of casting processes. Additional work has concentrated on lost foam casting, permanent mold casting, and investment casting; much of this work has been interdisciplinary, providing data for creating computer models and validation of such models. Wendelin Wright is an associate professor at Bucknell University with a joint appointment in the departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineering. She received her B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. (2003) in Materials Science and Engineering from Stanford University. Following graduation, she served a post-doctoral term at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the Manufacturing and Materials Engineering Division and then returned to Stanford as an Acting Assistant Professor in 2005. She joined the Santa Clara University faculty as a tenure-track assistant professor and assumed her position at Bucknell in the fall of 2010. Professor Wright's research interests focus on the mechanical behavior of materials, particularly of metallic glasses. She is the recipient of the 2003 Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching, which is Stanford University's highest teaching honor, a 2005 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, and a 2010 National Science Foundation CAREER Award. Professor Wright is a licensed professional engineer in metallurgy in California.

1. Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering What is Materials Science and Engineering? Classification of Materials. Functional Classification of Materials. Classification of Materials Based on Structure. Environmental and Other Effects. Materials Design and Selection. 2. Atomic Structure The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance. The Structure of the Atom. The Electronic Structure of the Atom. The Periodic Table. Atomic Bonding. Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing. The Many Forms of Carbon: Relationships Between Arrangements of Atoms and Materials Properties. 3. Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order. Amorphous Materials. Lattice, Basis, Unit Cells, and Crystal Structures. Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations. Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell. Interstitial Sites. Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials. Covalent Structures. Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis. 4. Imperfections in the Atomic and lonic Arrangements Point Defects. Other Point Defects. Dislocations. Significance of Dislocations. Schmid's Law. Influence of Crystal Structure. Surface Defects. Importance of Defects. 5. Atom and Ion Movements in Materials Applications of Diffusion. Stability of Atoms and Ions. Mechanisms for Diffusion. Activation Energy for Diffusion. Rate of Diffusion [Fick's First Law]. Factors Affecting Diffusion. Permeability of Polymers. Composition Profile [Fick's Second Law]. 6. Mechanical Properties: Part One Technological Significance. Terminology for Mechanical Properties. The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram. Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test. True Stress and True Strain. The Bend Test for Brittle Materials. Hardness of Materials. Nanoindentation. Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior. Properties Obtained from the Impact Test. Bulk Metallic Glasses and Their Mechanical Behavior. Mechanical Behavior at Small Length Scales. 7. Mechanical Properties: Part Two Fracture Mechanics. The Importance of Fracture Mechanics. Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials. Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics and Glasses. Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis. Fatigue. Results of the Fatigue Test. Application of Fatigue Testing. Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion. Evaluation of Creep Behavior. Use of Creep Data. 8. Strain Hardening and Annealing Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve. Strain-Hardening Mechanisms. Properties versus Percent Cold Work. Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses. Characteristics of Cold Working. The Three Stages of Annealing. Control of Annealing. Annealing and Materials Processing. Hot Working. 9. Principles of Solidification Technological Significance. Nucleation. Applications of Controlled Nucleation. Growth Mechanisms. Solidification Time and Dendrite Size. Cooling Curves. Cast Structure. Solidification Defects. Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components. Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses. Joining of Metallic Materials. 10. Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium Phases and the Phase Diagram. Solubility and Solid Solutions. Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility. Solid-Solution Strengthening. Isomorphous Phase Diagrams. Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram. Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy. Nonequilibrium Solidification and Segregation. 11. Dispersion Strengthening and Eutectic Phase Diagrams Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening. Intermetallic Compounds. Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions. The Eutectic Phase Diagram. Strength of Eutectic Alloys. Eutectics and Materials Processing. Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System. Nanowires and the Eutectic Phase Diagram. 12. Dispersion Strengthening by Phase Transformations and Heat Treatment Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions. Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit. Age or Precipitation Hardening. Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys. Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening. Effects of Aging Temperature and Time. Requirements for Age Hardening. Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures. The Eutectoid Reaction. Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction. The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering. The Shape-Memory Alloys [SMAs]. 13. Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons Designations and Classification of Steels. Simple Heat Treatments. Isothermal Heat Treatments. Quench and Temper Heat Treatments. Effect of Alloying Elements. Application of Hardenability. Specialty Steels. Surface Treatments. Weldability of Steel. Stainless Steels. Cast Irons. 14. Nonferrous Alloys Aluminum Alloys. Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys. Copper Alloys. Nickel and Cobalt Alloys. Titanium Alloys. Refractory and Precious Metals. 15. Ceramic Materials Applications of Ceramics. Properties of Ceramics. Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders. Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics. Inorganic Glasses. Glass-Ceramics. Processing and Applications of Clay Products. Refractories. Other Ceramic Materials 16. Polymers Classification of Polymers. Addition and Condensation Polymerization. Degree of Polymerization. Typical Thermoplastics. Structure-Property Relationships in Thermoplastics. Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics. Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics. Elastomers [Rubbers]. Thermosetting Polymers. Adhesives. Polymer Processing and Recycling 17. Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials Dispersion-Strengthened Composites. Particulate Composites. Fiber-Reinforced Composites. Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites. Manufacturing Fibers and Composites. Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications. Laminar Composite Materials. Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites. Sandwich Structures. 18. Electrochemical Corrosion Electrochemical Corrosion. The Electrode Potential in Electrochemical Cells. The Corrosion Current and Polarization. Types of Electrochemical Corrosion. Protection Against Electrochemical Corrosion. Appendix A: Selected Physical Properties of Metals Appendix B: The Atomic and Ionic Radii of Selected Elements