Dancing with the Nation: Courtesans in Bombay Cinema

Description

Indian cinema is the only body of world cinema that depicts courtesans as important characters. In early films courtesan characters transmitted Indian classical dance, music and aesthetics to large audiences. They represent the nation's past, tracing their heritage to the fourth-century Kamasutra and to nineteenth-century courtly cultures, but they are also the first group of modern women in Hindi films. They are working professionals living on their own or in matrilineal families. Like male protagonists, they travel widely and develop networks of friends and chosen kin. They have relations with men outside marriage and become single mothers. Courtesan films are heroine-oriented and almost every major female actor has played this role. Challenging received wisdom, Vanita demonstrates that a larger number of courtesans in Bombay cinema are Hindu and indeterminate than are Muslim, and that films depict their culture as hybrid Hindu-Muslim, not Islamicate. Courtesans speak in the ambiguous voice of the modern nation, inviting spectators to seize pleasure here and now but also to search for the meaning of life. Vanita's groundbreaking study of courtesans and courtesan imagery in 235 films brings fresh evidence to show that the courtesan figure shapes the modern Indian erotic, political and religious imagination.

Ruth Vanita taught at Delhi University, India, for many years, and is now Professor at the University of Montana, USA. Co-founder of India's first nationwide feminist magazine Manushi, Vanita is the author of many books and articles on gender, sexuality and culture in Indian and British literature, and has translated several works of poetry and fiction from Hindi/Urdu to English.

This is a spectacular reassessment of India's cinematic courtesans; it provocatively challenges reigning stereotypes concerning gendered and ideological collectives. If offers new insights into the interface between canonical texts and performance, between art and labor. -- Syed Akbar Hyder * Associate Professor of Asian Studies and the Director of the Hindi-Urdu Flagship at the University of Texas at Austin. Author of Reliving Karbala: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory. *