Why do some fisheries survive while others collapse? What are the roles of science, economics, sociology and politics in fisheries management? How can fisheries resources be allocated, and who owns the fish? How can aquaculture help sustain world fisheries? What is needed to manage fisheries sustainablity? These are the themes addressed in the papers and reviews published in this proceedings of the 2nd World Fisheries Congress. The Congress was attended by delegates from 59 countries, and the research presented in this volume reflects the global interest in this field.