This book, first published in 1987, was intended as an introduction to biological survey methods for estuaries and coasts (excluding specifically tropical features such an mangroves and coral reefs). The main habitats and groups of organisms are dealt with in chapters on salt marshes, intertidal and subtidal sediments, intertidal and subtidal rock, meiofauna, bacteria and fungi, plankton, fish and birds. Chapters on planning biological surveys, remote sensing and safety are of general application. A guide to identification literature is included. The aim of the book is to introduce readers to a wide range of techniques (together with their advantages and limitations for achieving particular objectives) and to indicate where further information on particular topics can be found.