This is the 1968 second edition of Dr Ramsay's successful introductory account of the physiology of the lower animals. Dr Ramsay starts from general biochemical principles and considers how these relate to the physiology of an animal, according to its body size, mode of life and plan on which its body is organised. Dr Ramsay summarises the theme of the book in these words: 'I would like the student to realise that the mammal is a highly tuned physiological machine carrying out with superb efficiency what the lower animals are content to muddle through with, and that he must not necessarily expect to find in the lower animals the physiological processes and their special organs which he found in the mammal.'